BIOL 400 — Genetic Mutations
- any change in genetic material
- chromosomal mutation (trans-, aneuploidy) vs. point mutations
- point mutation: single bp
- dna replication/repair errors, mutagens (often also carcinogens)
- base-pair substitution
- silent mutation → codon redundancy
- nonsense mutation → stop codon
- missense mutation → amino acid substitution
- frameshift mutation → single insertion/deletion of a nucleotide
- results in extensive missense or immediate nonsense mutations